Audience
This article is for experienced Linux users who are familar with environment variables such as
$HOME and $USER. These are the Linux users who are familiar with the
command line.
Problem and Solution
Here is an example not to use /home/$USER:
[gpeddie-games@epcotcenter ~]$ su - gpadmin
Password:
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/home/gpadmin’: Permission denied
touch: cannot touch '/home/gpadmin/Templates/Text file': No such file or directory
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/home/gpadmin’: Permission denied
-bash: /home/gpadmin/.local/share/DaVinciResolve/configs/.version: No such file or directory
Welcome. All activities monitored at all times.
Unauthorized access is strictly prohibited.
gpadmin@epcotcenter
~
$
And here's the script (/etc/profile) that illustrates an example:
# fix gnome missing 'New file' option
if [ ! -f /home/$USER/Templates/"Text file" ]
then
mkdir -p /home/$USER/Templates
touch /home/$USER/Templates/"Text file"
fi
# ...
# this is a hack to bypass the Davinci Resolve new install Welcome/Onboarding screen since it does not render properly and is not required.
if [ ! -f /home/$USER/.local/share/DaVinciResolve/configs/.version ];then
mkdir -p /home/$USER/.local/share/DaVinciResolve/configs/
echo "Onboarding.Version=10" > /home/$USER/.local/share/DaVinciResolve/configs/.version
fi
To fix this issue, simply replace all instances of /home/$USER with $HOME.
I am familiar with a text editor called Vim. It's a program that runs inside a terminal, similar to the
Command Prompt or PowerShell in Windows.
Before we proceed any further, let's create a backup copy of /etc/profile:
sudo cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak
If anything goes wrong, you now have a backup. You can simply use the cp (copy) command to
restore from the backup. Now let's begin.
First, open the Terminal (Konsole in KDE).
As root (or with sudo privileges), type the following command:
sudo vim /etc/profile
Type in the following command, starting with a colon:
:%s/\/home\/$USER/$HOME/g
The syntax for search and replace in Vim is as follows:
:%s/search/replace/g
Let's not concern ourselves with g at the end for now. Basically this command replaces
"search" with the next text "replace." In other words, we want to replace /home/$USER with
$HOME.
Let's have a look at the script again:
# fix gnome missing 'New file' option
if [ ! -f $HOME/Templates/"Text file" ]
then
mkdir -p $HOME/Templates
touch $HOME/Templates/"Text file"
fi
# ...
# this is a hack to bypass the Davinci Resolve new install Welcome/Onboarding screen since it does not render properly and is not required.
if [ ! -f $HOME/.local/share/DaVinciResolve/configs/.version ];then
mkdir -p $HOME/.local/share/DaVinciResolve/configs/
echo "Onboarding.Version=10" > $HOME/.local/share/DaVinciResolve/configs/.version
fi
So why would we want to replace /home/$USER with $HOME? That
/home/$USER should still work!
Let's look at the output again after we save the changes.
Save the changes to the /etc/profile file.
:wq
A : begins a command. w writes changes to the file and q
quits Vim
If you don't want to make changes to the file, then all you have to do is type :q! to
exit without saving any changes.
As I mentioned, let's look at the output again when I log into my administrator account from a user
account.
[gpeddie-games@epcotcenter ~]$ su - gpadmin
Password:
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/home/gpadmin’: Permission denied
touch: cannot touch '/home/gpadmin/Templates/Text file': No such file or directory
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/home/gpadmin’: Permission denied
-bash: /home/gpadmin/.local/share/DaVinciResolve/configs/.version: No such file or directory
Welcome. All activities monitored at all times.
Unauthorized access is strictly prohibited.
gpadmin@epcotcenter
~
$
Now, let's see the new output when I log back in as an administrator.
[gpeddie-games@epcotcenter ~]$ su - gpadmin
Password:
Last login: Sat Mar 18 11:13:52 EDT 2023 on pts/0
Welcome. All activities monitored at all times.
Unauthorized access is strictly prohibited.
gpadmin@epcotcenter
~
$
I have covered more explanation regarding
how this works and I have discussed a scenario in my article.
Article published: 2023-03-18 15:37
Categories: The World of Computers, Computers, Information Technology, Scripting and Programming
Audience
This short article is intended for Linux users who are both familiar with the command line and a terminal-based text editor called vim.
For blind users, I don't believe the ranger program is accessible for screen readers. Probably not even in VoiceOver for Mac. For file management tasks, if only the
Mac's Finder could support SSH's Secure Copy Protocol (scp for short) or SSHFS (Secure Sheel File System). Third-party applications will have to be installed.
I do have brew installed for installing homebrew applications tAhat run Linux-like applications in a Mac, but Brew does not support Mac OS 13 (pre-release). I think
the problem with ranger is that VoiceOver for Mac does not read the currently highlighted directory or file that I currently select.
Keyboard Commands for ranger:
- Key:
h, j, k, l
- Left, down, up, and right. Basic commands similar to Vim and Vi. You can also use arrow keys if you want to! Arrow keys work in Vim as well.
- Key:
yy and pp
- Copy and paste a file or directory.
- Key:
gg
- Go to the beginning of the list of files or directories (typing
g once instead of twice opens the list of available commands; type g again and it
should move the selector to the top of the list).
- Key:
G
- Go to the end of the list of files or directories.
- Key:
Enter
- Depending on the file associations, opening an HTML file opens
w3m and opening a JSON file opens a text editor such as Vim.
- Key:
F4 (function key)
- Opens a text editor for a selected file.
- Key:
r
Open with: (Type the name of the program you want to open with.)- Key:
spacebar
- Select multiple files or directories. This is useful when copying files or directories in bulk.
- Key:
q
- Quit
ranger.
- Command:
:search <filename>
- Searches for a file. Replace
<filename< with the name of the file you are looking for.
Additional details for ranger can be found by visiting the ArchWiki page.
Install ranger:
For Fedora/Red Hat-based Linux distributions:
sudo dnf install ranger
Replace dnf with yum if you are running an older version of Red Hat-based Linux distribution.
For Debian/Ubuntu-based Linux distributions:
sudo apt install ranger
For those who use Arch Linux (if you use Arch Linux, I'm going to assume you know the commands for installing and updating packages. Explaining flags for pacman is beyond
the scope of my article.):
sudo pacman -Syu ranger
Why choose ranger as a terminal-based file manager?
I need a way to copy and paste files into multiple directories. I can do it via the command line, but I can be very lazy with typing the names of directories. With a new flat-file CMS
(Content Management System), I had a new blog setup and I needed to import all of my posts from ClassicPress to my new CMS. For creating new posts, I follow the convention where the
date comes first before the permalink (yyyymmdd-hhmm-permalink). The following list shows how I break it down.
yyyy- Year: 2023
mm- Month: 02 (February)
hhmm- Hour/Minute: 11:00 (Eastern Time)
permalink- Permalink:
need-filemanager-linux
The more I use ranger, the more I begin to fall in love with the program. But if I'm going to be using a screen reader with the screen turned off, this can be a problem
for me and even a problem for blind users as well. However, at least ranger saved me from having to type a lot, especially when performing file management tasks. If you
are looking for a file management program while working over a secure shell (SSH), give ranger a try. Oh, and the more I discover keyboard commands, the more I add to the
list of commands. And of course, the more I enjoy using ranger.
Article published: 2023-02-19 11:15
Categories: The World of Computers, Computers
Audience and Prerequisites
Skip to scenario if you want to jump into the main article.
This is for anyone who currently host their WordPress or ClassicPress in a virtual private server such as DigitalOcean, Linode, or any other VPS providers. Any Linux user with knowledge of command line can perform backups and restoration tasks. You must be familiar with Linux and you know how to connect to your production server via SSH.
Plus, this article assumes that you have installed and configured WordPress in your VPS server. In addition, this article assumes you can perform basic database administration tasks such as adding a new database along with creating a new user for WordPress or ClassicPress. If your hosting provider provides managed WordPress or ClassicPress hosting, then this article may not apply to you. And because this article is for those who currently run a VPS server, I am going to have to assume that you have some hands-on experience with the Linux command line. This article need not apply to non-technical Linux, Mac, and Windows users. When I say non-technical Linux users, I'm talking about those who wanted to get away from Windows or Mac and simply wanted to use Linux just to browse the Internet and not deal with the command line.
Last, but not least, I am also going to assume that you know how to configure your Apache server as well. Both Apache and NGINX (pronounced Engine-X) configurations won't be covered here, including backing up and copying certificates that you get from your hosting provider.
If you are interested in learning Linux, a tutorial from Guru99 will help get you started on learning Linux.
Are you ready? Then let's get started!
Scenario
You have your own VPS server that is running ClassicPress. Your domain name is exmaple.com and your SSH port number is (insert your TCP port number here). You have a development server for developing your own custom ClassicPress theme and you want to use your development server to backup everything from your production server.
Article published: 2022-11-17 08:47
Categories: The World of Computers, Information Technology, Internet, Networking, Scripting and Programming
(Grayson sees a tweet from Cycling Professor and watches a video about people enjoying their time and riding their bicycles.) (Alternative text: People are having conversations with others and they have bicycles nearby. Plus, people ride their bicycles with children behind adults. The video was taken place in the city of Houton, in the country of The Netherlands.)
Grayson: (He walks over to the holodeck in U.S.S. Enterprise 1701-D starship.)
Computer, take me to Amsterdam in the Netherlands, 1:00, warm spring day.
Computer: (The computer loads up the city of Amsterdam in The Netherlands)
Program complete, you may enter when ready.
Grayson: (Enters the holodeck, door closes and fades away from behind him)
Computer, can you please make me a tricycle?
Computer: (The computer generated a tricycle.)
Grayson: (He rides a tricycle on the city streets of Amsterdam and is having a whole lot of fun.)
Here is a video of the holodeck in Star Trek: The Next Generation. Closed caption and audio description is not available; however, I can provide alternative text in order to satisfy Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, which satisfies 1.2.1. Basically, Commander Riker asked ensign regarding the location of Commander Data. Ensign asked the computer the location of Commander Data and directs Riker to the holodeck via a series of dots pointing towards the direction of the holodeck. The computer senses Riker's movement and directs him near the door. As he enters the holodeck, the door closed behind him and fades away. As William Riker enters the forest, he travels over the rocks above the river, making sure he does not fall into the water and meets Data. Data walks back along with Commander Riker and that is the end of the YouTube video.
Basically, a holodeck creates an artificial environment. Be it EPCOT Center from the 1980s, Amsterdam during the mid-2020s, a forest from a thousands of years ago, a 24th-century restaurant in the city of Paris (We'll Always Have Paris), or we could even create a simulation of the 24th-century bridge! Of course, if we want to buy a CD in the holodeck of EPCOT Center, try to take that CD right through the door and the CD will disappear right off your hands. If you watch Star Trek: Voyager, you do know that The Doctor is a hologram, right? Let's see if The Doctor can stick his hand through the open door. Basically, after Kes asked "are you sure about that," The Doctor walks towards the door and after the door opens, he puts his hand through the door and parts of his arm diappeared until he pulls his arm back and the hand reappears. The reason The Doctor cannot go through the door is because of the holo-emitters installed in Sick Bay. Another example is a book in the episode of "Ship in a Bottle." Captain Picard throws a book at the door in the holodeck, but the book disappeared because the book is a hologram. Put it simply, everything in a holodeck is a simulation. However, I'm not going to spoil the entire show as I did for the two episodes in my blog post. I wanted to provide alternate text for those who are blind or have low vision.
Oh! How about traveling to Grayton Beach without leaving the house? I would love to do that while in the holodeck!
Anyway, I hope you enjoy my blog post. Is it possible if we could build a holodeck in the near future? Time will tell, but I am thinking that once we rid ourselves of the monetary system, anything is possible if we have the technology to build a holographic simulator for the purpose of creating artificial environments.
Please note: Due to Europe's GDPR and cookie laws, I am not able to embed YouTube or Odysee videos. I have decided to take the easy way out by linking to YouTube videos instead. Of course, embedding YouTube or Odysee videos can degrade the performance of my website for mobile users and those with slow connection speeds, so I want to keep my website speedy for everyone. And the best part? No advertisements in my website! 🙂
Article published: 2022-10-22 15:24
Categories: Dreams and Imagination
If you promoted your server to a domain controller, you won't be able to change the hostname for Windows Server Domain Controller without inputting commands in the command prompt. Basically, you need to open the command prompt, add a new alternate hostname, make the domain controller your primary hostname, reboot your server, and then remove the old hostname. This is useful if the server's hostname was not changed before the server gets promoted as a domain controller. The order of commands along with the syntax is as follows:
netdom computername oldcomputername.yourlocaldomain.lan /add:newcomputername.yourlocaldomain.lan
netdom computername oldcomputername.yourlocaldomain.lan /makeprimary:newcomputername.yourlocaldomain.lan
shutdown /r /t 0
netdom computername newcomputername.yourlocaldomain.lan /remove:oldcomputername.yourlocaldomain.lan
netdom computername- The command to execute.
oldcomputername- Old hostname (example:
WIN-R61PT45).
yourlocaldomain.lan- Local domain name (example:
graysonpeddie.lan)
newcomputername- New hostname (example:
grayson-dc1)
/add- Adds a new hostname to the domain controller as an alternate hostname. For this example,
newcomputername will be added as an alternate hostname for the domain controller.
/makeprimary- Makes a hostname a primary name for the domain controller.
newcomputername will be the primary name for the domain controller and the oldcomputername will be the alternate hostname for the domain controller.
/remove- Deletes the hostname from the domain controller. In this case, the
/remove flag removes the oldcomputername from the domain controller.
/enumerate- Although not shown in the order of commands above this list of commands, parameters, and flags, this will enumerate the list of hostnames assigned to the domain controller. This flag does not require a parameter, so the colon after the enumerate flag is not needed.
shutdown /r /t 0- This command reboots the server (hence,
/r) immediately (/t 0. The /t 0 flag and parameter is a timer.
dcdiag- Not shown in the list of commands above. This command runs a diagnostic for the domain controller to make sure everything in the domain controller is working fine. There might be some errors and warnings, but if computers can login to the domain controller, it should be fine.
Because I did not know the commands myself, I must give credit to "The ICT Guy" (Twitter profile) for writing an article titled Correctly renaming a Domain Controller for a seamless easy migration. That article has been of great help to me since I am testing Windows Server 2016 Essentials edition as part of my virtual homelab setup. For example, I wanted to test the domain joining functionality in macOS and test an Active Directory integration in Nextcloud using an LDAP/AD integration app. LDAP stands for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol and is used for managing users and groups.
I hope I can be of help to Windows administrators.
Article published: 2022-09-25 01:15
Categories: The World of Computers, Information Technology
When creating Linux containers for the purpos of joining them to an Active Directory Domain Controller, make sure the checkbox after the "Unprivileged Container" is unchecked. The "unprivileged container" checkbox is after the "Hostname" edit box. Unprivileged Linux containers won't be able to join to an Active Directory. Essentially, I forgot to uncheck the "Unprivileged Container" and wasted hours of my time, but I consider time well spent when learning the hard way.
Bear in mind that privileged containers are not safe for businesses when it comes to attackers exploiting privileged Linux containers. And yes, it's all about vulnerabilities and exploits when it comes to escaping Linux containers and causing damage to the host; however, for homelab purposes, a privileged Linux container is fine for my needs. If you are concerned about the security of Linux containers, spin up virtual machines instead of Linux containers in Proxmox. Of course, depending on your security hygiene, virtual machines can be as unsafe as privileged and unprivileged Linux containers if you do not have security precautions in place. For more details, learn more about privileged and unprivileged containers.
Article published: 2022-09-22 06:27
Categories: The World of Computers, Computers, Information Technology
Instructions
- From your smartphone (not your desktop or laptop computer), open the Uber application.
- Tap Account. The Account button is located at the bottom right of your smartphone's screen.
- Tap your avatar to the right of your name.
- Tap your email address to change your email address. Skip to step 6 if you do not make use of unique email addresses for every account that you signed up for.
- Once you change your email address, tap Update. Go into your email account and look for an email from Uber. Enter the verification code that Uber gave you.
- Tap your password. You will need to verify your password first before you generate your new password from a password manager.
And you are done! Congratulations! You have successfully changed your unique email address and password! Stay safe!
Here's a link to the full article about why I changed my email address for Uber.
Article published: 2022-09-17 12:16
Categories: The World of Computers, Information Technology, Security
Who is this blog article for?
Anyone who is into home theater electronics and those who understand home theater terms such as a home theater receiver, a home theater processor, and eARC. This article is unsuitable for blind users who do not have eyesight.
A Cool New Home Theater Processor!
I received an email from AVSForum about a 9.4.6 Home Theater At CEDIA That You Definitely Don't Want To Miss (that's 9 speakers near the wall, 4 subwoofers (2 front, and 2 rear subwoofers), and 6 ceiling speakers) and I came across a processor that is used at CEDIA called StormAudio ISP Elite MK3, so I went to that page and–wow! A multi-theater processor!!!
Okay, so what does that do? Does the ISP processor... (Interrupted by the "I don't care about cookies" web page as I type. A browser extension in Firefox about getting rid of cookie warnings or cookie notifications in websites opened up a new tab after updating a browser extension as I type. Now I'm getting off-topic. Thanks to you, browser extensions!)
Hah... 😆 Let me get myself back in control of my moment as I write my blog post. Because that cool new home theater processor interests me a lot! 🤣😀
Okay, so what does that new home theater processor do? Does the ISP processor let me have multiple theaters? Yes! That's having two home theater processors in one processor! Okay, let me explain. Most people that have a surround sound system typically have a home theater receiver with amplifiers built-in. A processor does not have an amplifier, so it needs an external amplifier. An ISP processor can have up to 32 channels of audio. That's 32 speakers. What!? 32 speakers!? Yes. "But you don't need 32 speakers–let alone 4 or 8 subwoofers for a dedicated home theater room," you exclaimed. That's true, but that's not the point. Think about AMC Theatres. If you have been to a movie theater, you know AMC Theatres has so many auditoriums, right? Think about just one device that can connect to 16 speakers per theater room. Actually, commercial movie theaters do have multiple rows of surround speakers. Each row of surround speakers can be located to the left and right side of the room and can surround multiple rows of seating. Of course, that can be done using a StormAudio ISP processor, but that's not what I am interested in.
What piked my interest is the multi-theater feature of the StormAudio ISP MK3 processor. This would allow me to assign 16 channels of audio to a dedicated home theater room and 8 channels of audio to my home office/gaming/studio room. A home theater processor has two HDMI outputs. One HDMI output is linked to the 16 channels for the home theater room. Another 8 or 16 channels of audio (depending on the modules installed in a processor) can go to my home office/gaming/studio room. So people might be thinking "is it possible for a home theater receiver with an integrated amplifier to have 32 channels of amplification?" The problem with that is, the home theater receiver's power supply is very limited in terms of the amount of current that must be pushed from an electrical outlet to the speakers. The receiver can get so hot to the touch even if nothing is playing. That's why going with external amplifiers is better when playing at high volumes. A dedicated home theater room needs to be connected to a dedicated circuit breaker in order to provide enough power to the speakers in a dedicated home theater room. For a computer room, I may not need a lot of power, so a 700w amplifier going into 7 channels (that's 100 watts each per speaker) is more than enough for me.
Although the price of the StormAudio ISP MK3 processor is sky-high, for me, that is similar to buying two cheaper home theater processors, but the cool thing about this is I could have more speakers in a dedicated room and still have leftover for the speakers in the computer room. And I could control the processor to show me a different video source going out to HDMI 2, which is the connector going out to my computer room. If I want to see what's playing in a dedicated movie theater from a computer room, I can do that because the processor acts as a hub. Sure, if I could find a multi-theater processor at a lower price than the StormAudio, that's great, but I get what I pay for. Right now, the MK3 only supports HDMI 2.0, which means I cannot game at 4K (3840x2160) at 120Hz and my TV (Samsung 43" QN90B) supports HDMI 2.1.
I have my PC connected to my TV, then from the TV to an eARC HDMI audio extractor, and then to my Denon AVR-X3400H which does not support eARC. Basically, eARC allows 5.1 or 7.1 surround sound audio to come directly from the TV and the audio passes into a receiver's HDMI out for the receiver to process audio information so that the sound can output through the speakers. But because my home theater receiver does not support eARC, I use an audio extractor (that I linked above) in order to supply audio going out to my receiver. Here's how it works:
- "HDMI Out" from an audio extractor connects to my Samsung 43" QN90B's HDMI 3, which lists "eARC." Connecting an audio extractor to HDMI 1, 2, or 4 in the back of my TV won't work as those HDMI ports do not provide eARC support.
- "HDMI Audio Out" connects to my Denon AVR-X3400H's audio input. This allows my receiver to process audio that came from my PC that hooks up to my TV's HDMI 2.1 inputs.
- "HDMI Input" from an audio extractor connects to my Denon AVR-X3400H's HDMI Output. This allows me to select HDMI3 on my TV. Any video going from my receiver to my TV passes through my audio extractor's HDMI input.
And that's all there is to it! In short, my PC connects to my TV via an HDMI cable, the TV connects to an audio extractor, and an audio extractor connects to my receiver. An HDMI audio extractor avoids having me buy a new receiver. Think about this. Back on late 2018, my Marantz SR-5008 was having issues and the audio continues to make squealing noise after the outbreak of Hurricane Michael. Since January of 2019, I wanted a new receiver. Should I buy a Denon AVR-X3500H which supports eARC or should I buy a Denon X3400H which does not? Back around August of 2013, I bought a 4K-ready receiver, thinking that $900 would give me a much better sound compared to Marantz SR-5007, which was a discontinued model. That's why I bought myself into that "$900" hype! Bad! Bad mistake! So let me ask you this. Would you spend $300 extra just for eARC support? Me? I don't think so. I bought a Denon X3400H just to save $300 in the process. Sure, Amazon mentioned that X3400H is a discontinued model (yes, it "was" as it's past-tense, but let's forget about the tenses for now), but I bought it anyway! Why? So I can quit being a fool! The sound character is the same regardless of whether it's a 2010 model or a 2022 model!
Of course, I've gotten way too far off-topic from my article, but the point is, I'm going to wait for ISP to come out with a new processor that supports HDMI 2.1 such as 4K at 120Hz. 4K at 120 Hz would last for a very long time for me. Maybe a decade? Even if HDMI Alliance (or whatever it's called) upgrades to 8K (a resolution of 7680 by 4320) at 120Hz? Okay, hold on a minute. Today, I don't think modern graphics cards can even handle 4K at 120 frames per second or even at 240 FPS unless people play older games or turn down the graphics settings. I mean, I'm talking Cyberpunk 2077 that can push even an NVIDIA RTX 3090 so hard that gamers can't get more than 90 to 100 frames per second. So, HDMI 2.1 will be with us for a very long period of time. Well, I'm pretty sure that games such as Cyberpunk 2077 could run the GPU (graphics processor unit) down to 20 frames per second or even lower. 😂🙂
Anyway, one day I could save up my money for an awesome StormAudio home theater processor. One day. That is, if I could get into network engineering and make a whole lot of money (I am Cisco CCNA certified as of October 2021; I am CompTIA CySA+ certified as of August 23rd of this year, which renewed my CompTIA A+, Network+, and Security+ certifications).
Related Article:
Article published: 2022-18-19 18:19
Categories: Home Theater
A Note About Proxmox and LXC (Linux Containers)
For those unfamiliar with LXC and Proxmox, LXC is similar to a virtual machine that runs a guest OS (Windows, Linux, Mac, Android, etc.) but the container part of LXC excludes the core part of the OS and simply provides networking and storage inside a container. Unlike virtual machines, applications inside a container can access resources on a host system directly. Proxmox is a hypervisor for running virtual machines and Linux containers (LXC) in a server hardware.
IP Addresses and Subnetting
Do you need to have multiple IP addresses assigned to a network interface inside an LXC container? In terms of networking, a single NIC can have multiple IP addresses. This is useful if you want to run a single server with multiple websites that have their own IP address. Here's what I mean:
172.20.31.0/23- A small HTML file with a list of websites hosted by the web server.
172.20.31.1/23 - A web application running Adminer, a lightweight alternative to phpMyAdmin.
172.20.31.2/23- A development version of my website that mirrors a production version. Anyone who visits my site sees my production version of my website.
Once I test the changes I made in the development website, I push the changes up to the production website.
172.20.31.3/23- A custom-built web application for taking notes. Any notes written in HTML gets shown up in the web browser.
172.20.31.4/23- A development version of the note-taking web application taken from
172.20.31.3.
A note for those new to networking: pay attention to the subnet. A slash 23 subnet can start with 172.20.30.1 and ends at 172.20.31.254. Both 172.20.30.255 and 172.20.31.0 are both valid IP addresses. 172.20.30.0 is a network address and 172.20.31.255 is a broadcast address. Cisco has an article about IP addressing and subnetting in order to help you understand how subnetting works. With that out of the way, let's get into configuring a Linux container running in a Proxmox server.
Article published: 2022-06-21 20:22
Categories: The World of Computers, Networking
I watched the video about whether the ransomware can be stopped and I scrolled down through the comment section. While reading comments, some people are suggesting that we switch to Linux because Linux is more secure compared to Windows. That is true that Linux is inherently secure compared to Windows and Mac; however, what if I were to tell you that if you are running Arch Linux, Fedora, Ubuntu, Solaris, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Haiku OS, or just about any other operating systems in our planet that you can still fall victim to phishing attacks? If we all switch to a different operating system on a basis that one is more secure compared to other operating systems, then we are forgetting about our weakest link.
Let me ask you again. Who or what is the weakest link in the cybersecurity chain? It's not Windows; we are the ones that need education so we can protect ourselves online.
Article published: 2022-04-17 15:56
Categories: The World of Computers, Security
